Brain Injury News

Epithelial Transformation Of The Corneal Endothelium In Forceps Birth-Injury-Associated Keratopathy

Using light and electron microscopy, there were four keratectomy specimens obtained and studied by penetrating keratoplasty from four patients (ages 33-54 years; mean age: 43 years old) who had clinical evidence of Descemet's folds and bullous keratopathy after ruptures in Descemet's membrane after forceps injury at birth. Histopathologically, three patients showed the typical features of forceps birth injury: Descemet's membrane at the margin of the rupture was folded and assumed a scroll-shape configuration.

The fourth patient showed clusters of proliferated endothelial cells at the site of two ruptures, and from one site of the ruptures, these cells invaded into Descemet's membrane, forming a new basement membrane. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that these proliferated cells were epithelial-like cells characterized by desmosomal junctions, basal lamina, numerous microvilli, and 8-nm cytoplasmic filaments.

The epithelial transformation of the corneal endothelium was identified in cases of posterior polymorphous dystrophy and assumed to be specific for this entity. The findings in the fourth patient represent the first documentation of epithelial-like cells on the posterior corneal surface in forceps birth-injury-associated keratopathy. The results suggest that epithelial transformation may be a nonspecific reaction of the young cornea to various stimuli.

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	Did You Know?
	There are different types of cerebral palsy. Some of the different types of cerebral palsy are as follows: (1) acquired cerebral palsy: this type of cerebral palsy result from damage or injury incurred after birth, and is therefore ‘acquired’ after birth, (2) congenital cerebral palsy: another of cerebral palsy is congenital, and this is contracted at birth or during the pregnancy, (3) spastic cerebral palsy: this type of cerebral palsy makes up about eighty percent of cerebral palsy sufferers. With this type of cerebral palsy, movement can be very limited due to groups of tight muscles, (4) athetoid cerebral palsy: this form of cerebral palsy affects the areas of the brain that are responsible for processing signals that allow for efficient and proper co-ordination and posture, (5) ataxic cerebral palsy: this type of cerebral palsy is where the child has poor muscle tone, and movement is poorly co-coordinated, and (6) mixed cerebral palsy: this type of cerebral palsy is a combination of other types of cerebral palsy.